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Fluoride toxicosis in wild ungulates.

J L Shupe, A E Olson, H B Peterson

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |December 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chronic fluoride toxicosis affects wild animals like deer, elk, and bison in western states. Excessive fluoride exposure, primarily from natural sources like geothermal waters, damages teeth and bones.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Environmental Science
    • Wildlife Health

    Background:

    • Chronic fluoride toxicosis is a significant concern in animal health.
    • Understanding fluoride exposure pathways is crucial for wildlife management.
    • Geographic variations in fluoride levels can impact ecosystems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of chronic fluoride toxicosis in wild and domestic animals.
    • To identify sources of excessive fluoride exposure in selected regions of Utah, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming.
    • To assess the susceptibility of deer, elk, and bison to fluoride toxicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected bones and teeth from deer, elk, and bison for toxicological evaluation.
    • Analyzed vegetation and drinking water samples to identify fluoride sources.
    • Examined tissues for characteristic lesions associated with fluoride toxicosis.

    Main Results:

    • Deer, elk, and bison exhibited susceptibility to chronic fluoride toxicosis.
    • Dental and bone lesions were the primary indicators of fluoride toxicity.
    • Animals were exposed to fluoride from various sources, including high-fluoride water and contaminated forage.
    • No pathognomonic soft tissue changes were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic fluoride toxicosis is a documented issue for wildlife in specific areas of the studied western states.
    • Natural fluoride sources, particularly geothermal waters, and industrial operations contribute to toxicosis.
    • Management strategies are needed to mitigate fluoride exposure risks for wildlife populations.

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