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Amyloidosis in six dairy cows.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|December 15, 1984
Summary
Reactive systemic amyloidosis, a kidney disease, was diagnosed in six Holstein cows with chronic diarrhea and nephrotic syndrome. Inflammation was the likely cause, leading to fatal outcomes despite supportive care.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Animal Internal Medicine
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Amyloidosis is a condition characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins in various organs.
- Reactive systemic amyloidosis (AA amyloidosis) is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Holstein cows are a dairy breed susceptible to various health issues.
Observation:
- Six Holstein cows presented with chronic intractable diarrhea and a nephrotic-like syndrome (edema, hypoproteinemia, proteinuria).
- Clinicopathologic findings included hyperfibrinogenemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, prolonged BSP retention, elevated BUN and creatinine, and low urine specific gravity.
- Histologic examination revealed amyloid deposition in the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and spleen.
Findings:
- Inflammatory foci, such as traumatic reticuloperitonitis, pericarditis, salpingitis, mastitis, and metritis, were identified in all affected cows.
- Diagnostic tests for amyloid (iodine-sulfuric acid and Congo red dye) were positive in some cases.
- All cows succumbed to the disease or were euthanatized, indicating a poor prognosis.
Implications:
- The findings suggest that reactive systemic amyloidosis, likely secondary to chronic inflammation, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Holstein cows.
- Early recognition and management of underlying inflammatory conditions may be crucial for preventing or mitigating amyloidosis.
- This study highlights the importance of considering amyloidosis in the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea and nephrotic syndrome in cattle.