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Related Experiment Videos

Plasma timolol in glaucoma patients.

M S Passo, E A Palmer, E M Van Buskirk

    Ophthalmology
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study measured plasma timolol levels in glaucoma patients. Punctal occlusion significantly reduced timolol absorption in adults, while levels varied widely in children.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Pharmacokinetics
    • Clinical Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Glaucoma treatment often involves topical beta-blockers like timolol.
    • Understanding systemic absorption of topical timolol is crucial for patient safety and efficacy.
    • Variability in plasma timolol levels can occur due to patient factors and administration techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify plasma timolol levels in different patient populations.
    • To assess the impact of punctal occlusion on timolol absorption.
    • To evaluate timolol pharmacokinetics in pediatric glaucoma patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Plasma timolol concentrations were measured using three protocols.
    • Protocol 1: Elderly patients (age >60) on chronic timolol therapy (n=10).

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  • Protocol 2: Adult patients with and without punctal occlusion (n=9).
  • Protocol 3: Pediatric patients on chronic timolol therapy under general anesthesia (n=5).

    • Main Results:

    • In elderly patients, mean plasma timolol increased from 0.34 ng/ml at baseline to 1.34 ng/ml one hour post-instillation.
    • Punctal occlusion reduced mean one-hour plasma timolol by approximately 40% in adults (0.9 ng/ml vs. without occlusion).
    • Plasma timolol levels in children varied significantly, ranging from 3.5 ng/ml to 34 ng/ml.

    Conclusions:

    • Topical timolol administration leads to measurable systemic absorption.
    • Punctal occlusion is an effective method to reduce systemic absorption of timolol in adults.
    • Significant pharmacokinetic variability of timolol exists in pediatric glaucoma patients.