[Aggression inhibition and increased sympathetic nervous reactivity in the development of essential hypertension]

Suppressed aggression and activity of the sympathetic nervous system were assessed in two risk groups for essential hypertension, viz. 24 borderline hypertensives (18 men, 6 women, age range 18-24, 18 with a family history of hypertension) and 24 normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, and in a control group exactly matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. In the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration test, both potential hypertensive groups were significantly less aggressive compared with the controls, and additionally the borderline hypertensives internalized their aggression. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations, as a marker for sympathetic nervous system activity, increased significantly before and during mental stressors (Stroop colour-word conflict test, mental arithmetic) in both groups, whereas in normotensive controls no significant increase occurred. These findings point to a psychosomatic factor in the development of essential hypertension.