The physical growth of urban children at high altitude

The physical growth of urban Aymara children residing in La Paz, Bolivia (3,600 m) is described and compared with Amerindian children residing at low and high altitudes and with low-altitude U.S. children. The sample consists of 227 males (10.6-19.7 yr) and 219 females (11.2-19.8 yr). The urban La Paz children were taller at all ages than rural high altitude Amerindian children but similar in stature to urban high altitude children from Peru. The variation in stature among the high altitude populations was considerable, amounting to average differences between the tallest and shortest samples of about 10 cm in males and 8 cm in females. In addition, stature in the two urban high altitude samples was similar to that of rural low-altitude Amerindians. This overlapping of the distributions of stature in high- and low-altitude populations could easily confound comparisons designed to determine the effects of hypoxia on physical growth. La Paz Aymara children had considerably smaller chest sizes relative to stature than high-altitude Quechua children. However, the available data indicates that relative chest sizes are similar in Aymara and Quechua adults, suggesting that the process by which large chests are achieved may differ between these Andean populations.