Biomechanical behavior of human intervertebral discs subjected to long lasting axial loading

48 lumbar discs were tested; the creep tests lasted between 2 and 6 hours. All discs showed the known creep behavior, i.e. a decrease of height, rate of creep and axial deformability with time. In the first minutes of a test the viscoelastic behavior quickly alters so that the disc behaves more like an elastic body. Loss of mass normally observed after creep tests is due to loss of water. Creep behavior is reproducible if a disc has sufficiently recovered, i.e. if it has regained its initial height. Creep tests on "desiccated" discs revealed that creeping is possible without loss of water and recovery is possible without absorption of water. The type of loading (static or dynamic) has hardly any influence on the biomechanical behavior. Our results indicate, that creep and recovery are chiefly due to extension and contraction of the anular fibers and not to fluid flow.