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A third example of haemolytic auto-anti-Vel
Revue Francaise De Transfusion Et Immuno-Hematologie
|October 1, 1984
Summary
A patient experienced acute hemolytic anemia due to anti-Vel antibodies. This rare antibody caused red blood cell destruction, leading to severe anemia and splenomegaly.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is characterized by autoantibodies targeting red blood cells.
- The Vel antigen is a high-frequency red blood cell antigen implicated in transfusion reactions.
- Distinguishing antibody specificities is crucial for managing hemolytic anemia.
Observation:
- A 43-year-old female presented with acute hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly.
- Bone marrow examination revealed erythroid hyperplasia.
- Direct antiglobulin test was negative with polyspecific reagent but positive for IgM.
Findings:
- Red blood cell eluate demonstrated specific anti-Vel antibody.
- Patient's serum agglutinated Vel-positive red blood cells, including her own.
- Papain-treated red blood cells showed temperature-dependent hemolysis, with greater lysis of Vel-positive cells.
Implications:
- This case highlights a rare instance of anti-Vel antibody causing autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
- Accurate antibody identification is critical for preventing transfusion-related hemolysis.
- Understanding anti-Vel antibody behavior aids in managing patients with rare blood group antibodies.