Transplacental transfer and colostral concentrations of selenium in beef cattle

Three groups of 20-month-old pregnant Hereford heifers received 3 regimens of selenium (Se) supplementation. Group 1 received pelleted alfalfa hay, soybean meal, which contained Se (0.313 mg/kg), and 90 mg of Se as sodium selenite/kg of salt-mineral mix ad libitum. Group 2 received the pelleted hay and soybean meal, and group 3 received only the pelleted alfalfa hay. At time of parturition, the mean whole blood Se concentrations were: group 1 = 0.250 mg of Se/kg of blood, group 2 = 0.162 mg/kg, and group 3 = 0.052 mg/kg, whereas the respective mean blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were 144, 80, and 30 mU/mg of hemoglobin. In comparison, the mean whole blood Se values for the calves were 0.242, 0.175, and 0.81 mg/kg, respectively, and their blood GSH-Px values were 154, 113, and 50 mU/mg of hemoglobin, respectively. Thus, the blood Se and GSH-Px values for each group reflected dietary intake of Se. The calf blood GSH-Px values were similar to their dams for group 1, but were 41% higher in group 2 and 67% greater in group 3. The data suggested that the fetus can sequester blood Se, accumulating values greater than the dam, and that larger amounts were concentrated in the fetus when smaller amounts were available from the dam. The colostrum contained modest to low amounts of Se proportionate to dietary intake of this element. However, milk 7 days after parturient contained inadequate amounts of Se to sustain blood Se values in calves and the milk from heifers with low normal blood Se was essentially void of Se (0.009 mg/kg). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)