Extending the perception of shape from known to unknown shading

Two experiments are reported which demonstrate the effects of light-source position as an intervening variable upon the perception of relief in pictures. In the first experiment, it is shown that the pattern of light (attached shadow) falling upon forms that can be recognized as having unambiguous surface relief (concave and convex parts) influences the perception of forms with ambiguous surface relief. In the second experiment it is demonstrated that cast shadows may also determine the interpretation of ambiguous relief. These findings suggest that light-source position, implicitly or explicitly, mediates the interpretation of surface relief in pictures.