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Stone composition and metabolic study in urinary calculous disease
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|October 1, 1984
Summary
Urinary stone analysis reveals that while calcium oxalate is common globally, local stones are frequently mixed or infective (triple phosphate). Identifying hyperuricosuria is key for preventing metabolically active stone recurrence.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Nephrology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Urinary stones (calculi) are a significant health concern, with varying compositions globally.
- Understanding local stone composition is crucial for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To qualitatively analyze the composition of urinary stones over a three-year period.
- To identify the prevalence of different stone types and associated metabolic conditions in the local population.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative analysis of 178 urinary stones collected between 1980 and 1982.
- Assessment of metabolic factors including idiopathic hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria.
Main Results:
- The majority (96%) of analyzed stones originated from the upper urinary tract.
- Less than 20% were calcium oxalate stones; a large proportion were mixed or infective (triple phosphate).
- Urate was a constituent in 20% of stones, with pure urate stones estimated at 10% after accounting for dissolution therapy. Idiopathic hypercalciuria affected 11.8%, and hyperuricosuria occurred in 24%.
Conclusions:
- Local urinary stone composition differs from Western patterns, with a higher prevalence of mixed and infective stones.
- Hyperuricosuria is a common finding and a significant factor in forming metabolically active stones, treatable with allopurinol to prevent recurrence.