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Turbulence in pulsatile flows.

D C Winter, R M Nerem

    Annals of Biomedical Engineering
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Turbulence may enhance gas transport in high-frequency ventilation (HFV). Studies show oscillatory flow can be laminar, conditionally turbulent, or fully turbulent, with fully turbulent flow requiring mean flow.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Background:

    • Turbulence in pulsatile flow is a proposed mechanism for enhancing gas transport during high-frequency ventilation (HFV).
    • Previous experimental studies have classified oscillatory flow in tubes into laminar, conditionally turbulent, and fully turbulent regimes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics of turbulent flow during oscillatory and pulsatile conditions relevant to high-frequency ventilation.
    • To define critical parameters for the transition between different flow regimes.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental analysis of oscillatory flow in straight, circular tubes.
    • Identification of flow regimes based on disturbance patterns throughout the flow cycle.
    • Definition and experimental determination of critical Reynolds numbers for flow transitions.

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    Main Results:

    • Purely oscillatory flow resulted in laminar or conditionally turbulent states.
    • Fully turbulent flow was observed only when a mean flow was present.
    • Transition Reynolds numbers for purely oscillatory flow in a circular tube were determined to be between 400 and 550.
    • Oscillating turbulent flow structures appear similar to steady turbulent flow.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of mean flow is crucial for achieving fully turbulent flow during oscillatory conditions.
    • The findings suggest that turbulent flow, potentially similar to steady turbulence, may occur during high-frequency ventilation, enhancing gas transport.
    • Further research is needed to confirm these findings in physiological contexts.