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HLA polymorphism in Israel. 9. An overall comparative analysis.

B Bonné-Tamir, J G Bodmer, W F Bodmer

    Tissue Antigens
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene frequencies reveal genetic similarities and differences among diverse Jewish and non-Jewish populations. Ashkenazi Jews exhibit greater homogeneity compared to other groups, with HLA data suggesting a common ancestral origin.

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    Area of Science:

    • Population Genetics
    • Immunogenetics
    • Human Evolutionary Studies

    Background:

    • Understanding genetic diversity and population structure is crucial in human evolutionary and medical research.
    • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes are highly polymorphic and valuable markers for studying population relationships due to their role in immune response and rapid evolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantitatively assess genetic similarities and differences among various Israeli and international populations using HLA gene frequencies.
    • To investigate the genetic homogeneity within Ashkenazi Jews and compare it with other Jewish and non-Jewish groups.
    • To explore potential correlations between geographic distribution, genetic proximity, and shared ancestry among diverse Jewish communities.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculation of genetic distances based on Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene frequencies.

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  • Comparative analysis of genetic distances across 11 Israeli and 9 other relevant populations.
  • Estimation of average genetic distances within major population groups, including Ashkenazi Jews, East European non-Jews, and Middle-Eastern populations.

    • Main Results:

    • The shortest genetic distance was observed between Polish and Rumanian Jews, while the greatest distance was between Russian Jews and Black Africans.
    • Ashkenazi Jews (comprising Poles, Russians, Rumanians, and Germans) were found to be more genetically homogeneous than East European non-Jews or Middle-Eastern populations (Arabs, Armenians, Lebanese, Turks).
    • A geographic cline in genetic distances was noted for Ashkenazi Jews, but North African Jewish communities (Libyans and Moroccans) showed significant genetic distance despite geographic proximity, indicating complex migration patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • The study indicates a clear genetic divergence of Jewish populations, particularly Ashkenazi Jews, from their neighboring non-Jewish populations, despite centuries of cohabitation.
    • HLA data provides evidence supporting a common origin for the diverse Jewish populations studied.
    • Geographic proximity does not always correlate with genetic similarity, highlighting the intricate genetic landscape shaped by historical migrations and cultural factors.