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Related Experiment Videos

Psychiatric hospitalization in twins.

M Koskenvuo, H Langinvainio, J Kaprio

    Acta Geneticae Medicae Et Gemellologiae
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Genetic and environmental factors influence psychiatric disorders differently. Schizophrenia showed higher concordance in monozygotic (MZ) twins than dizygotic (DZ) twins, suggesting genetic liability, while neuroses showed less difference.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Twin Studies
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Twin studies are crucial for disentangling genetic and environmental influences on psychiatric disorders.
    • Previous research suggests varying degrees of heritability across different mental health conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare hospitalization rates for schizophrenia, neuroses, and alcoholism in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs.
    • To investigate the influence of genetic liability versus environmental factors in psychiatric disorders among Finnish twins.
    • To assess the impact of cohabitation duration on concordance rates within twin pairs.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized record-linkage of hospital records and death certificates from 1972-1979 for the Finnish Twin Cohort (16,649 like-sexed twin pairs).

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  • Calculated observed vs. expected concordant pairs and concordance rate ratios between MZ and DZ pairs.
  • Analyzed concordance rates stratified by sex, age (≤40 vs. >40 years), and specific psychiatric diagnoses.

    • Main Results:

    • Concordance rate ratios between MZ and DZ pairs were higher in males than females and in younger (<40 years) than older twin pairs.
    • Schizophrenia exhibited the largest difference in concordance rates (MZ: 11.0%, DZ: 1.8%), indicating significant genetic liability alongside environmental influence.
    • Neurotic disorders showed a lower difference in concordance rates (MZ: 6.8%, DZ: 4.0%), providing less support for a strong genetic hypothesis.
    • Intrapair living arrangements correlated with concordance: 47% of concordant MZ pairs lived together lifelong versus 16% of discordant MZ pairs.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic factors play a more prominent role in schizophrenia than in neurotic disorders, though environmental influences are substantial for both.
    • Environmental factors, potentially including shared living conditions, appear to modulate the expression of genetic predispositions in psychiatric disorders.
    • Future research should consider the complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental exposures, including intrapair relationships, when assessing psychiatric disorder etiology.