Acute renal failure following intraperitoneal injection of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) has been used intravenously as a good anticancer agent despite its nephrotoxicity, but local administration may also cause nephrotoxic side effects. We used intraperitoneal injection of cis-DDP into male Wistar rats as a model of the long-term effect of local administration of cis-DDP. 20 rats were injected (1.5 mg/kg) every 2 days for a period of 5 weeks and compared to a control group of 5 rats that did not receive injection. In the control group, body weight increased gradually to 338.3 +/- 25.1 g by the end of week 5. In contrast, the experimental group's body weight decreased continually to 179.5 +/- 23.6 from an average initial weight of 218.0 +/- 4.0 g. While the control group had steady values, the experimental rats showed sharp increases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, potassium and sodium, but a decrease in hematocrit. On histological examination at autopsy, edema and necrosis of the renal tubules were evident. Intraperitoneal injection of cis-DDP in rats causes nephrotoxic side effects similar to the effects caused by intravenous injection.