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Paragonimiasis in the Philippines: current status.

B D Cabrera

    Arzneimittel-Forschung
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Paragonimiasis in the Philippines is transmitted through consuming raw or undercooked crabs, with Paragonimus westermani being the primary agent. Diagnosis involves sputum examination, and treatment options include bithionol and praziquantel.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • Paragonimiasis, a parasitic lung fluke infection, has been documented in the Philippines since 1907.
    • The primary causative agent in the Philippines is Paragonimus westermani, with a proposed new name, Paragonimus philippinensis.
    • Paragonimus siamensis has also been identified in feline hosts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of paragonimiasis in the Philippines.
    • To detail the epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of paragonimiasis in the region.
    • To identify the intermediate and reservoir hosts involved in the parasite's life cycle.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical records and current research on Paragonimus species in the Philippines.
    • Epidemiological data collection from endemic areas, noting prevalence rates.
    • Identification of intermediate hosts (Antemelania spp., Sundathelphusa philippina) and reservoir hosts (cats, dogs, rats).

    Main Results:

    • Prevalence of paragonimiasis in endemic areas ranges from 0.5% to 12%.
    • Human transmission occurs via consumption of raw crab juice, undercooked crabs, or raw crabs with alcoholic beverages.
    • Microscopic sputum examination is the preferred diagnostic method, with intradermal testing useful for surveys.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective treatment options include bithionol and praziquantel.
    • Understanding the life cycle and transmission routes is crucial for control strategies.
    • Continued surveillance and public health education are necessary to manage paragonimiasis in the Philippines.

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