Vector control of snail-mediated human trematode infections

Inspite of the recent general acceptance of the use of safe and effective chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of major human trematode infections, vector control e.g. control of the snail intermediate host will continue to play an important role in programmes for controlling schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis and paragonimiasis. The main vector control measures are: a) use of chemical pesticides or molluscicides and plants showing molluscicidal properties; b) biological control through introduction of competitor species or natural enemies of snails; c) alteration of the environment either by application of one or a combination of the following; drainage, filling, ponding, clearing of vegetation and regulation of use of water for agricultural purposes.