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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiovascular, hormonal and body fluid changes during prolonged exercise.

B Nielsen, G Sjøgaard, F Bonde-Petersen

    European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    During prolonged exercise, heart rate (HR) increases. This secondary rise in HR is linked to plasma catecholamines, not changes in blood volume or water balance, across different exercise types.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Cardiovascular Physiology

    Background:

    • Prolonged heavy exercise can cause a "secondary rise" in heart rate (HR) after 100 minutes.
    • This phenomenon may stem from reduced stroke volume due to decreased cardiac filling, influenced by hemodynamic pressure and blood volume.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the "secondary rise" in HR during prolonged exercise in different environments.
    • To compare the effects of swimming versus bicycling on HR, stroke volume, and cardiac output.

    Main Methods:

    • Five subjects performed 90 minutes of bicycle exercise and freestyle leg kick swimming.
    • Measurements included heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, plasma volume, water balance, and plasma catecholamines.

    Main Results:

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    • Swimming, due to its horizontal position, resulted in higher cardiac output and stroke volume compared to bicycling.
    • The "secondary rise" in HR occurred similarly in both activities and correlated positively with increasing plasma catecholamine concentrations.
    • Plasma volume decreased initially but stabilized; sweat loss was higher in bicycling, while hydrostatic pressure in swimming induced diuresis.

    Conclusions:

    • The "secondary rise" in HR during prolonged exercise is associated with elevated plasma catecholamines.
    • This HR increase is not explained by alterations in plasma volume, water balance, or plasma potassium levels.
    • Environmental factors like hydrostatic pressure influence cardiovascular responses during exercise.