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Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the rabbit: clinicopathological alterations
Summary
Citrinin, a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, causes acute kidney injury in rabbits. Researchers observed rapid onset of renal failure, tubular dysfunction, and metabolic acidosis following oral administration.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Nephrology
- Mycotoxicology
Background:
- Citrinin is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin with potential health implications.
- Understanding the toxic effects of citrinin is crucial for public health and food safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the clinicopathological and urinary effects of acute oral citrinin exposure in New Zealand white rabbits.
- To determine the time course and severity of citrinin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Male New Zealand white rabbits received single oral doses of citrinin (80-120 mg/kg).
- Clinicopathological parameters (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, electrolytes) and urinary parameters were monitored over 7 days.
- Renal function and tubular integrity were assessed through various measurements.
Main Results:
- Acute azotaemia, metabolic acidosis, hemoconcentration, and hypokalemia were observed within 4-12 hours.
- Evidence of renal failure (increased BUN, serum creatinine; decreased creatinine clearance) peaked on days 2-4.
- Urine analysis revealed tubular dysfunction and necrosis, indicated by glucosuria, isosthenuria, and cylindruria.
Conclusions:
- Citrinin induces significant acute nephrotoxicity in rabbits, characterized by rapid onset of renal failure and tubular damage.
- Most clinicopathological and urinary parameters showed recovery by day 7 in surviving rabbits, suggesting potential for reversibility.
- This study highlights the critical need for monitoring and controlling citrinin contamination in food and feed.