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Crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with nonrenal malignancies.

C G Biava, T A Gonwa, J L Naughton

    American Journal of Nephrology
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) is linked to non-renal malignancy, particularly in patients over 40. Treating the cancer improved kidney function in some cases, suggesting an etiological relationship.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Idiopathic glomerulonephritis with extracapillary proliferation, or crescentic GN, is a severe kidney disease.
    • A potential association between crescentic GN and non-renal malignancies has been suggested.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of coexistent non-renal malignancy in patients diagnosed with crescentic GN.
    • To explore the potential etiological relationship between malignancy and crescentic GN.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 80 patients with crescentic GN and 80 controls with minimal change or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
    • Analysis of patient age, malignancy type, and renal biopsy findings (light microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy).

    Main Results:

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    • Seven of 80 (8.75%) crescentic GN patients had a coexistent non-renal malignancy (6 carcinomas, 1 lymphoma), compared to 1 of 80 (1.25%) in the control group (p < 0.05).
    • All malignancies occurred in patients over 40; the prevalence of malignancy in crescentic GN patients over 40 was 20%.
    • Fibrin deposition was noted in all crescentic GN cases; no anti-GBM or immune complex disease was found. Renal function improved in 4 patients after malignancy treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant association exists between crescentic GN and non-renal malignancy, especially in patients over 40.
    • The findings suggest a potential etiological role for malignancy in the development of crescentic GN.
    • Further research into pathogenic mechanisms is warranted, considering the observed improvement with malignancy treatment.