Bacterial dehalogenation of halogenated alkanes and fatty acids

Sewage samples dehalogenated 1,9-dichloronane, 1-chloroheptane, and 6-bromohexanoate, but an organism able to use 1,9-dichlorononane as the sole carbon source could not be isolated from these samples. Resting cells of Pseudomonas sp. grown on n-undecane, but not cells grown on glycerol, dehalogenated 1,9-dichlorononane in the presence of chloramphenicol. Resting cells of five other n-undecane-utilizing bacteria cleaved the halogen from dichlorononane and 6-bromohexanoate, and four dehalogenated 1-chloroheptane; however, none of these organisms used 1,9-dichlorononane for growth. By contrast, four benzoate-utilizing bacteria removed bromine from 6-bromohexanoate but had little or no activity on the chlorinated hydrocarbons. Incubation of sewage with 1,9-dichlorononane increased its subsequent capacity to dehalogenate 1,9-dichlorononane and 6-bromohexanoate but not 1-chloroheptane. A soil isolate could dehalogenate several dichloralkanes, three halogenated heptanes, and halogen-containing fatty acids. An enzyme preparation from this bacterium released chloride from 1,9-dichlorononane.