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Bites by foreign venomous snakes in Britain.

H A Reid

    British Medical Journal
    |June 17, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Foreign venomous snakebites in Britain are unpredictable, with some cases being life-threatening. All snakebite victims require at least 12 hours of observation for proper assessment and treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Herpetology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • In 1970-71, Britain recorded 32 bites from foreign venomous snakes.
    • Commonly implicated species included Crotalus atrox and Bitis arietans.

    Observation:

    • Most bites (24/32) occurred in private homes involving individuals handling snakes.
    • While 17 bites had negligible poisoning, at least two were life-threatening.
    • Local necrosis developed in six cases, leading to prolonged illness in five.

    Findings:

    • Snakebite severity can be unpredictable in the early stages.
    • Observation for at least 12 hours is crucial for assessing poisoning and guiding treatment.
    • Antivenom is indicated for systemic poisoning (hypotension, acidosis, bleeding, neurological signs) and to prevent local necrosis.

    Implications:

    • Effective antivenom treatment requires intravenous infusion.
    • National Health Services in Liverpool and London maintain comprehensive antivenom stocks.
    • Early assessment and appropriate antivenom administration are vital for managing foreign venomous snakebites.

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