Cardiac candidiasis in cancer patients

Histologically proven infection of the heart by Candida organisms occurred in 17 (10%) of 168 cancer patients with candidiasis studied at necropsy. All 17 patients were among the 85 patients with disseminated Candida infection; none of the 83 patients with localized candidiasis had involvement of the heart. Abscesses in the myocardium were present by histologic examination in all 17 patients and in 8 were evident on gross inspection as well. The mural endocardium was also affected in 5 patients from direct extension of a myocardial abscess. The valves were uninvolved. Pericardial infection was detected in 2 patients. The 17 patients with cardiac Candida infection had a higher frequency of positive premortem blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures and of presence of Candida in the heart's blood than did the 68 patients with disseminated candidiasis but without involvement of the heart. Symptoms or signs of cardiac dysfunction resulting from the cardiac Candida infection were not readily detected in any patient. The clinical and pathologic features of cardiac candidiasis in cancer patients are distinct from those observed in Candida endocarditis.