[Body illness and changes in verbal communication. Study of the alexithymic phenomenon in somatic disease]

The Schalling--Sifneos Personality Scale was administered to several groups of subjects (patient suffering from chronic hepatitis or from ulcerative colitis, patients undergoing chronic periodic haemodialysis, encephalopathic patient and healthy subjects) in order to assess the presence of alexithymia in healthy subjects, in patients suffering from chronic organic pathologies and in psychosomatic patients. The results obtained permit one to distinguish the psychosomatic patients from other groups of subjects: compared to healthy subjects, patients suffering from ulcerous rectocolitis obtained higher average scores, while compared to patients suffering from other organic pathologies their scores showed a wider scatter. A distinction is therefore proposed between primary alexithymia, of a distinctive cognitive-affective kind which predisposes towards psychosomatic pathology, and secondary alexithymia which is associated with stressful situations, such as illness, and which is essentially defensive in origin.