Spontaneous hydropneumothorax by severe pulmonary sarcoidosis

A case of pulmonary sarcoidosis involving the pleura and complicated by spontaneous hydropneumothorax is reported. Diagnosis is made by cytological features of pleural effusion and confirmed by mediastinal biopsy. The rare occurrence of this clinical situation must be diagnosed because of the important therapeutic implications, but in any event it indicates the severity of granulomatous disease.