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Related Experiment Videos

Primate models in surgical orthodontics.

R J Smith, M M Minium

    American Journal of Orthodontics
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Surgical orthodontic research using nonhuman primates faces challenges due to cost and species differences. Alternative animal models should be considered for justifiable and cost-effective experimental research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthodontics
    • Comparative Anatomy
    • Animal Research

    Background:

    • Nonhuman primates, particularly rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), have been utilized in surgical orthodontic research.
    • Challenges include high costs, difficulty in procurement, and limitations on experimental design, such as small sample sizes and omitted control groups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the suitability of nonhuman primates as experimental models in surgical orthodontics.
    • To assess the cost-effectiveness and scientific justification for using primates in research, considering recent legislative and financial trends.

    Main Methods:

    • A review of 22 studies published between 1969 and 1980 in major orthodontic and oral surgery journals was conducted.
    • Analysis included common primate species, their craniofacial morphology (using cephalometric radiographs and skull measurements), and comparisons to human subjects.

    Main Results:

    • Rhesus monkeys were the most frequently used species.
    • Experimental primates exhibit normal species-specific craniofacial function and morphology, differing significantly from human patients.
    • All common experimental primate species are more prognathic than humans, with minimal sex differences in prognathism, though canine size varies by sex.

    Conclusions:

    • The suitability of nonhuman primates as models for human surgical orthodontics is questionable due to significant morphological and functional differences.
    • The high cost and limitations in experimental design necessitate exploring alternative, more justifiable, and cost-effective animal models for future research.

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