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Avian enteric nerve plexuses. A histochemical study.

H A Ali, J McLelland

    Cell and Tissue Research
    |June 8, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study maps the enteric nerve plexuses in chickens (Gallus domesticus), revealing varied nerve distributions throughout the gut. The rectum shows the most developed innervation, particularly in the circular muscle and mucosal layers.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Gastroenterology
    • Histology

    Background:

    • The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates gastrointestinal function.
    • Understanding the avian ENS is crucial for comparative physiology and veterinary medicine.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively map the distribution and characteristics of enteric nerve plexuses in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).
    • To investigate the innervation patterns in different segments of the avian gastrointestinal tract.

    Main Methods:

    • Histochemical techniques including cholinesterase staining and glyoxylic acid fluorescence.
    • Examination of tissue sections and stretch preparations of the avian gut.
    • Analysis of nerve fiber density, distribution, and association with gut structures.

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    Main Results:

    • Cholinesterase-positive and fluorescent nerve fibers were identified in myenteric, submucosal, muscle, mucosal, and perivascular plexuses throughout the gut.
    • Innervation density and patterns varied regionally, with the rectum exhibiting the most developed plexuses.
    • The circular muscle coat was consistently innervated, while the longitudinal coat was primarily innervated in the rectum.
    • Nerve cell bodies were predominantly located in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses and were cholinesterase-positive.
    • The mucosal plexus was largely associated with intestinal glands, and perivascular plexuses were mainly linked to arteries.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a detailed neuroanatomical map of the chicken enteric nervous system.
    • Variations in innervation suggest region-specific functional roles within the avian gut.
    • The findings contribute to understanding the complexity of the ENS in non-mammalian vertebrates.