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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
08:07

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Osteosarcoma of the jaw.

J L Clark, K K Unni, D C Dahlin

    Cancer
    |June 15, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study on jaw osteosarcoma found chondroblastic osteosarcoma had the best survival. Radical surgery offered the best outcomes for patients with this rare bone cancer.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Osteosarcoma of the jaw is a rare malignancy.
    • It presents with symptoms like swelling and pain, often with a delay in diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the clinical, radiological, and histological features of jaw osteosarcoma.
    • To evaluate treatment outcomes and survival rates based on treatment modalities and tumor characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 66 patient records with jaw osteosarcoma.
    • Analysis of patient demographics, presenting complaints, tumor location, radiological findings, histological type, treatment received, and survival data.

    Main Results:

    • The mean age of patients was 34.2 years, with a slight male predominance.

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    A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate
    07:31

    A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

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    Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models
    04:25

    Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

    Published on: October 28, 2021

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 28, 2026

    Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
    08:07

    Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

    Published on: April 12, 2019

    A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate
    07:31

    A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

    Published on: May 3, 2021

    Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models
    04:25

    Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

    Published on: October 28, 2021

  • Maxilla (51%) and mandible (49%) were equally involved, commonly on the body and alveolar ridge.
  • Chondroblastic osteosarcoma was the most frequent type (48%) and had the best survival rate (47%).
  • Recurrence rate was high (70%) across all treatments.
  • Radical surgery yielded the best survival rate (80%), compared to local surgery (27%).
  • Most deaths were due to uncontrolled local disease.

    • Conclusions:

    • Chondroblastic osteosarcoma is the most common histological type and offers a better prognosis.
    • Radical surgery is the most effective treatment for improving survival in jaw osteosarcoma.
    • Aggressive local control and timely surgical intervention are crucial for managing jaw osteosarcoma.