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Loiasis in an American naturalist
Summary
A naturalist with intermittent arm swelling was diagnosed with Loa loa filariasis after returning from Cameroon. Empirical treatment with diethylcarbamazine led to the expulsion of a male Loa loa worm and successful recovery.
Area of Science:
- Medical Parasitology
- Tropical Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Eosinophilia can indicate parasitic infections, including filariasis.
- Travel history is crucial for diagnosing infections acquired in endemic areas.
- Loa loa filariasis is a filarial nematode infection transmitted by flies in West and Central Africa.
Observation:
- A 32-year-old male naturalist presented with unexplained eosinophilia.
- He reported intermittent arm swelling and a travel history to Cameroon.
- Initial diagnostic tests for microfilariae in blood were negative.
Findings:
- Serum parasitic screening revealed high filarial titers.
- Empirical treatment with diethylcarbamazine was initiated.
- A male Loa loa worm was expelled during treatment, confirming the diagnosis.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of considering filariasis in individuals with eosinophilia and relevant travel history.
- Prompt diagnosis and treatment, even with negative initial microfilaria tests, are essential for patient outcomes.
- Successful treatment of Loa loa filariasis with diethylcarbamazine is demonstrated.