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Pseudoleukemia due to infection. A case report.

S C Dreskin, T J Iberti, E J Watson-Williams

    Journal of Medicine
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    A severe reaction to bacterial infection mimicked acute leukemia in a patient experiencing hypovolemic shock. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of the infection were crucial for recovery.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • A 29-year-old female presented with symptoms of hypovolemic shock, including fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.
    • The patient underwent resection of intraperitoneal adhesions.

    Observation:

    • Post-operatively, she developed granulocytopenia and leukopenia with a significant "left shift" in white blood cell counts.
    • A bone marrow aspirate was initially interpreted as acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.

    Findings:

    • The clinical presentation was deemed inconsistent with acute leukemia.
    • The patient's subsequent clinical course strongly suggested a reactive process secondary to bacterial infection.

    Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering infectious etiologies in patients with hematological abnormalities.
    • Distinguishing reactive leukemoid reactions from actual hematological malignancies is critical for appropriate patient management.
    • Early recognition and treatment of underlying bacterial infections can prevent misdiagnosis and guide effective therapy.

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