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What is "ionized calcium"?

O Siggaard-Andersen, J Thode, N Fogh-Andersen

    Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. Supplementum
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Accurate ionized calcium measurements in clinical chemistry require precise activity coefficients. This study estimates the calcium ion activity coefficient in calibration solutions, highlighting the need for international consensus on measurement conventions.

    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Electrochemistry
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Ionized calcium (Ca2+) is crucial in biological fluids.
    • Calcium ion-selective electrodes measure ion activity, but results are reported as activity coefficients.
    • Standard calibration solutions use assumed activity coefficients for Ca2+.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To estimate the activity coefficient of Ca2+ in a standard calibration solution.
    • To address the lack of international consensus on Ca2+ activity coefficient determination.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Debye-Hückel equation combined with Stokes-Robinson hydration theory.
    • Applied the Bates-Staples-Robinson convention, assuming zero hydration for chloride ions (Cl-).
    • Calculated the activity coefficient (gamma) for Ca2+ on both molal and substance concentration bases.

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    Main Results:

    • Estimated the activity coefficient for Ca2+ in the calibration solution as 0.3040 (molal) or 0.3048 (substance concentration).
    • The derivation is contingent on conventions for chloride ion activity coefficients.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate determination of the Ca2+ activity coefficient in calibration solutions is essential for reliable clinical measurements.
    • International agreement on conventions for deriving Ca2+ activity coefficients is needed.