Coexistent breast and vaginal granulocytic sarcoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Hematology

Background:

• Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor of myeloid blasts.
• It can precede, coincide with, or follow acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

Observation:

• A 34-year-old woman presented with breast granulocytic sarcoma concurrent with acute myelogenous leukemia.
• Following leukemia remission, granulocytic sarcomas of the breast and vagina preceded marrow relapse on two occasions.

Findings:

• The coexistence of granulocytic sarcoma in two reproductive organs (breast and vagina) is exceptionally rare.
• Extramedullary granulocytic sarcoma can manifest before overt leukemia development.

Implications:

• Granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses, particularly in patients with atypical blood smear findings.
• Early recognition of granulocytic sarcoma may aid in the timely diagnosis and management of acute myelogenous leukemia.