Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus
09:26

Quantification of Orofacial Phenotypes in Xenopus

Published on: November 6, 2014

Craniofacial growth in clefting from one month to ten years as studied by P-A headfilms

R B Jain, W M Krogman

    The Cleft Palate Journal
    |October 1, 1983
    PubMed

    Insights

    Craniofacial growth in children with cleft lip and palate varies by cleft type and sex. Bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) generally shows greater differences than unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) or cleft palate only (CPO).

    Area of Science:

    • Craniofacial development
    • Pediatric dentistry
    • Orthodontics

    Background:

    • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) conditions significantly impact craniofacial growth.
    • Understanding growth patterns is crucial for effective treatment planning and surgical interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze and compare craniofacial growth patterns in children with different types of clefts.
    • To identify sex-based differences in craniofacial dimensions among these children.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study of 64 unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), 32 bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), and 78 cleft palate only (CPO) patients.
    • Cephalometric analysis of posteroanterior (p-a) X-ray headfilms from one month to 10 years of age.
    • Measurement of nine width and 12 height dimensions to assess craniofacial morphology.

    Main Results:

    • Cleft type significantly influenced specific craniofacial widths (baseline, interorbital, optic foramen, basal maxillary) and heights (interorbital, optic foramen, gonial).
    • Growth patterns generally followed the order: BCLP > UCLP > CPO for most measurements, except basal maxillary width (UCLP > BCLP > CPO).
    • Sex differences were observed in baseline width, basal maxillary width, bizygomatic width (males larger), and interorbital/optic foramen heights (females larger).

    Conclusions:

    • Craniofacial growth in children with CLP is distinctly influenced by the type of cleft and sex.
    • These findings provide valuable data for tailored orthodontic and surgical management strategies in CLP patients.

    More Related Videos

    Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography02:42

    Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography

    Published on: January 17, 2025

    Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model08:03

    Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

    Published on: November 4, 2025

    Related Concept Videos

    Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

    Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

    Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
    The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
    Overview of the Skull01:08

    Overview of the Skull

    The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
    The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
    Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

    Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

    The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
    The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
    Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

    Cranial Bones: Lateral View

    The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
    The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...