A standardized programme for studying the occlusal force pattern during chewing and biting in prosthetically restored...

Area of Science:

• Dental science
• Biomechanics
• Prosthodontics

Background:

• Occlusal force patterns are crucial for understanding dental function.
• Previous methods for studying occlusal forces in restored dentitions were limited.
• A new method using strain gauge transducers offers a standardized approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate occlusal force patterns during chewing and biting in a prosthetically restored dentition.
• To evaluate the functional capability of a dentition with a fixed cross-arch bridge and unsplinted teeth.
• To assess the limitations of bite force based on muscle capacity and protective feedback mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Application of a standardized program utilizing strain gauge transducers mounted in preformed matrices.
• Testing on a subject with a fixed cross-arch bridge in the upper jaw and unsplinted lower teeth.
• Inclusion of chewing various foods (peanuts, roast beef) and maximal biting tasks (habitual occlusion, limited contact areas).

Main Results:

• Occlusal forces during chewing and swallowing were significantly lower than biting forces.
• Maximal bite force in habitual occlusion appeared limited by jaw-closing muscle capacity, not periodontal tissues.
• Localized bite forces were substantially lower than maximal muscle capacity, indicating periodontal/temporomandibular joint feedback limitations.

Conclusions:

• The applied method effectively elucidates occlusal force patterns in restored dentitions.
• Jaw muscle capability, rather than periodontal resistance, dictates maximal habitual bite force.
• Protective feedback mechanisms in periodontal tissues and temporomandibular joints regulate localized bite forces.
• This methodology is suitable for future studies on various prosthetic designs and periodontal support distributions.