Variability in three morphologic features of the permanent maxillary central incisor

Variability in tooth morphology can play a significant role in appliance design and the achievable results of orthodontic treatment. This investigation was undertaken to determine quantitatively the variation in three anatomic features of the maxillary central incisor. The three features are the crown-root angulation in a labiolingual direction, the angle formed by a tangent to the middle of the labial surface of the crown and the long axis of the crown from a proximal view, and the lingual curvature of the crown from a proximal view. Tracings of maxillary central incisors were made from two different sources. The first source consisted of radiograms of 98 extracted central incisors, and the second source was a group of 100 cephalometric radiograms which were part of pretreatment records of patients in the Orthodontic Department. The cephalometric radiograms included 25 Angle Class I, 25 Class II, Division 1, 25 Class II, Division 2, and 25 Class III malocclusions. The first measurement taken was the angle formed by the long axis of the crown and the long axis of the root. The second measurement was the angle formed by the long axis of the crown and a tangent to the midpoint of the labial surface of the crown. For the third measurement, the lingual curvature of the crown was described by a mathematical equation whose parameters were used for comparisons. The results revealed a wide range of variation in the three features measured. The mean crown-root angle for Class II, Division 2 malocclusions differed significantly from that for Class II, Division 1 and Class III malocclusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)