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Relationships between masticatory muscle cross-section and skull shape.

W A Weijs, B Hillen

    Journal of Dental Research
    |September 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The size of jaw muscles like the masseter and medial pterygoid correlates with skull shape and face height. Specifically, larger muscles are found in individuals with brachycephalic (short) skulls and shorter faces.

    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Biomechanics
    • Craniofacial Morphology

    Background:

    • The masticatory muscles play a crucial role in jaw function and are influenced by craniofacial structure.
    • Understanding the relationship between muscle size and facial dimensions is important for fields like orthodontics and oral surgery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the correlation between the cross-sectional areas of key masticatory muscles and facial dimensions.
    • To determine if specific facial morphologies are associated with larger masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles.

    Main Methods:

    • Computed tomography (CT) scans were used to measure the cross-sectional areas of the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles in 16 subjects.
    • Scans were precisely oriented perpendicular to the muscle fiber direction at the thickest muscle point.

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    Main Results:

    • A positive correlation was found between the size of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles and features such as brachycephalic (short) skulls, short faces, and small jaw angles.
    • No significant correlation was observed between the cross-sectional areas of the temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscles and the measured facial dimensions.

    Conclusions:

    • The masseter and medial pterygoid muscles' size is significantly influenced by craniofacial morphology, particularly in individuals with shorter faces and jaws.
    • The temporalis and lateral pterygoid muscles' dimensions appear to be independent of the studied facial and skull measurements.