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Related Concept Videos

The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Gustation01:43

Gustation

Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the diffusion of...
Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2026

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
07:10

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test

Published on: August 17, 2018

Geographic tongue: sensitivity to the environment.

R Marks, D Czarny

    Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Geographic tongue is more common in patients with asthma and rhinitis, regardless of atopy. This suggests it indicates a tendency for recurrent inflammatory conditions affecting external surfaces.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Otolaryngology

    Background:

    • Geographic tongue is a common benign migratory glossitis.
    • Atopy is a genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases.
    • Extrinsic asthma and rhinitis are common allergic conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of geographic tongue in atopic patients with extrinsic asthma and/or rhinitis.
    • To compare this prevalence with non-atopic individuals and patients with asthma/rhinitis without atopy.

    Main Methods:

    • A study involving 102 atopic patients with extrinsic asthma and/or rhinitis.
    • Comparison with asymptomatic, non-atopic control groups.
    • Assessment of geographic tongue prevalence.

    More Related Videos

    Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test
    06:00

    Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test

    Published on: September 17, 2021

    Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application
    05:56

    Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

    Published on: April 14, 2023

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 24, 2026

    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
    07:10

    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test

    Published on: August 17, 2018

    Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test
    06:00

    Assessment of Spatial Lingual Tactile Sensitivity using a Gratings Orientation Test

    Published on: September 17, 2021

    Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application
    05:56

    Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

    Published on: April 14, 2023

    Main Results:

    • Geographic tongue prevalence was significantly higher in atopic patients with asthma/rhinitis compared to controls.
    • No significant difference in geographic tongue prevalence was found between atopic and non-atopic patients with asthma and rhinitis.

    Conclusions:

    • Geographic tongue may be a marker for a tendency towards recurrent inflammatory diseases affecting external surfaces, such as asthma or rhinitis.
    • Atopy itself is not a prerequisite for the association between geographic tongue and these conditions.