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Intraadrenal steroid concentrations in man: zonal differences and developmental changes.

Z Dickerman, D R Grant, C Faiman

    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |December 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adrenal gland steroid levels vary significantly with age and layer. Enzyme activity shifts, influenced by the local steroid environment, regulate adrenal androgen secretion.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Steroidogenesis
    • Adrenal Gland Biology

    Background:

    • Adrenal gland steroidogenesis is complex, involving multiple enzymes and varying zonal concentrations.
    • Understanding intraadrenal steroid dynamics is crucial for comprehending adrenal function and dysfunction.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify intraadrenal steroid concentrations across different cortical layers and age groups.
    • To investigate the relationship between intraadrenal steroid levels, enzyme activity, and adrenal androgen secretion.

    Main Methods:

    • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) analysis of 11 adrenal steroids in dissected adrenal cortex layers from 34 individuals.
    • DNA content measurement to normalize steroid concentrations for sample size variations.
    • Analysis of steroid concentrations in relation to age, adrenal weight, cortical thickness, and zonal location.

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    Main Results:

    • Intraadrenal steroid concentrations were significantly higher than serum levels, varying with age, weight, and cortical thickness.
    • Cortisol, corticosterone, and androgens generally increased with age, while some precursors decreased in infancy and rose in puberty.
    • Steroid concentrations increased from outer to inner cortical layers, with aldosterone being an exception.
    • Product-substrate ratios suggested enzyme activity shifts, particularly 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase and 17,20-desmolase, influence androgen secretion.

    Conclusions:

    • Intraadrenal steroid concentrations are in the range of enzyme Michaelis-Menten constants (Km), suggesting a regulatory role for the local steroid microenvironment.
    • Zonal and developmental changes in adrenal androgen secretion relative to cortisol are likely driven by shifts in enzyme activity modulated by the steroidal microenvironment.
    • Adrenal growth and centripetal blood flow influence the steroidal microenvironment, impacting enzyme activities and hormone output.