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Relationship between contraceptive method and vaginal flora.

B A Peddie, V Bishop, R R Bailey

    The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The use of oral contraceptives did not increase the incidence of vaginal candidiasis, according to a study of vaginal flora in women using various birth control methods. Contraceptive device choice showed no significant impact on candida yeast infections.

    Area of Science:

    • Gynecology
    • Microbiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Vaginal flora composition is crucial for reproductive health.
    • Contraceptive methods may influence the vaginal microbiome.
    • Previous assumptions suggested oral contraceptives increase candidiasis risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of different contraceptive methods on vaginal flora.
    • To determine if oral contraceptive use is associated with increased vaginal candidiasis.

    Main Methods:

    • Cultured 1,002 vaginal/cervical swabs from women at a family planning center.
    • Analyzed microbial flora, including Candida albicans, across various contraceptive users.
    • Compared microbial findings between groups: no contraception, oral contraceptives, diaphragms, IUCDs, and condoms.
    Keywords:
    Bacterial And Fungal DiseasesBarrier MethodsComparative StudiesCondomContraceptionContraceptive Agents, Female--side effectsContraceptive Agents--side effectsContraceptive Methods--side effectsDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesDiseasesFamily PlanningInfectionsIudNew ZealandOceaniaOral Contraceptives--side effectsReproductive Tract InfectionsResearch MethodologySexually Transmitted DiseasesStudiesVaginal Barrier Methods--side effectsVaginal Diaphragm--side effects

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    Main Results:

    • Candida albicans prevalence was 13% (no contraception), 16% (oral contraceptives), 9% (diaphragms), 19% (IUCDs), and 18% (condoms).
    • These differences in candidiasis rates were not statistically significant.
    • Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) were associated with more Gram-positive cocci.
    • Diaphragm users showed significantly higher rates of Gram-negative bacilli.

    Conclusions:

    • The study did not confirm the clinical impression that oral contraceptives increase vaginal candidiasis.
    • Different contraceptive methods showed distinct patterns in other vaginal flora, but not candidiasis.
    • Further research may explore specific microbial shifts associated with IUCDs and diaphragms.