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Comparative in vitro and in vivo activity of temocillin (BRL 17421) and ampicillin against Haemophilus influenzae
Abstract:
A total of 42 strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b isolated from pediatric patients were sensitive in vitro to temocillin (90% minimal inhibitory concentration = 0.25 microgram/ml). No difference in mean minimal inhibitory concentration between beta-lactamase producer (0.25 microgram/ml) and nonproducer (0.23 microgram/ml) strains was found. Various dosages of ampicillin or temocillin for the treatment of infant rats with ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae bacteremia and meningitis yielded no difference in cure rates. These results suggest that temocillin may not be as effective as other new cephalosporins for the treatment of H. influenzae type b infections.
Insights
Temocillin showed in vitro sensitivity against Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, animal models suggest temocillin may be less effective than other cephalosporins for treating H. influenzae type b infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a significant cause of pediatric infections.
- Antibiotic resistance in Hib necessitates the evaluation of new therapeutic agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the in vitro activity of temocillin against clinical isolates of Hib.
- To evaluate the in vivo efficacy of temocillin in an animal model of Hib infection.
Main Methods:
- In vitro susceptibility testing of 42 Hib strains to temocillin.
- Treatment of infant rats with ampicillin-resistant Hib bacteremia and meningitis using varying dosages of ampicillin or temocillin.
Main Results:
- All 42 Hib strains were sensitive to temocillin in vitro, with a 90% minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.25 microgram/ml.
- No significant difference in minimal inhibitory concentration was observed between beta-lactamase producing and non-producing strains.
- In vivo studies showed no difference in cure rates between ampicillin and temocillin in infant rats with Hib bacteremia and meningitis.
Conclusions:
- Temocillin demonstrates in vitro activity against Hib.
- The in vivo efficacy of temocillin in treating Hib infections, particularly ampicillin-resistant strains, appears limited compared to other cephalosporins.