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Related Experiment Videos

The effect of alpha 1 antitrypsin on phagocyte function.

S N Breit, J P Robinson, R Penny

    Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Immunology
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency impacts immune cells. Low alpha 1AT increases monocyte and neutrophil motility, potentially worsening inflammatory diseases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Genetics
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is a common genetic variant linked to immunological and inflammatory disorders.
    • Previous research suggests abnormalities in monocyte (MN) and neutrophil (PMN) function in alpha 1AT deficient individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the direct effects of purified alpha 1AT on monocyte and neutrophil motility and chemiluminescence (CL).

    Main Methods:

    • Purified alpha 1AT was applied to isolated human monocytes and neutrophils.
    • Cellular motility (chemokinesis and chemotaxis) and zymosan-induced chemiluminescence were measured.

    Main Results:

    • Physiological concentrations of alpha 1AT inhibited PMN and MN chemokinesis by approximately 35% and chemotaxis by 10%.
    • Alpha 1AT did not directly affect zymosan-induced chemiluminescence in these cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased inflammatory disease incidence in alpha 1AT deficiency may stem from enhanced MN and PMN motility due to the lack of an endogenous inhibitor.
    • Secondary serum changes might also contribute to enhanced chemiluminescence, further exacerbating inflammation.

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