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Vestibular influence on tongue activity.

J Elmund, J P Bowman, R J Morgan

Experimental Neurology

|July 1, 1983

Summary

The vestibular system, crucial for balance, influences tongue muscle activity. Electrical stimulation of the vestibular system in cats elicited specific eye and neck movements, along with tongue muscle responses.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Vestibular System Research
Oculomotor Control

Background:

The vestibular system, responsible for balance and spatial orientation, is known to influence eye and neck muscle activity.
The precise neural pathways connecting the vestibular system to orofacial muscles, particularly the tongue, remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of the vestibular system on tongue muscle activity.
To determine if electrical stimulation of the vestibular apparatus or its central nuclei evokes a measurable electromyographic (EMG) response in the tongue.

Main Methods:

Electrical stimulation of the peripheral vestibular system (vestibule) and the rostroventral lateral vestibular nucleus in anesthetized cats.
Recording of electromyographic (EMG) responses from dorsal neck extensor and tongue protrusive muscles.
Analysis of response latencies and consideration of potential current spread and neural influences (cerebellar, cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, XII).

Main Results:

Peripheral vestibular stimulation evoked contralateral torsional eye deviations and dorsal neck muscle EMG, consistent with known vestibular reflexes.
A consistent and rapid EMG response was observed in tongue protrusive muscles following vestibular stimulation (latency 13 ± 5 ms).
Stimulation of a specific vestibular nucleus elicited the same pattern of eye, neck, and tongue muscle responses (latency 14 ± 3 ms).

Conclusions:

The vestibular system directly influences tongue muscle activity.
These findings suggest a previously underappreciated role for vestibular input in the control of orofacial motor behaviors, including tongue movements.

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