Computed tomography of the normal sternum.

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Anatomy
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Computed tomography (CT) is essential for visualizing thoracic structures.
• Accurate interpretation of sternum CT requires knowledge of normal anatomy and common variants.
• Variations in sternum appearance can be mistaken for pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the normal computed tomography (CT) anatomy of the sternum.
• To identify and characterize normal variants of the sternum that may mimic disease.
• To evaluate the impact of gantry angulation on visualizing sternum cortical margins.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective review of CT scans from 35 patients.
• Detailed analysis of the manubrium, body, manubriosternal joint, and xiphoid.
• Assessment of cortical margins, calcifications, and adjacent soft tissues.

Main Results:

• The manubrium frequently showed indistinct/irregular posterior (34/35) and anterior (20/35) cortical margins.
• Optimal gantry angulation improved definition of manubrium cortical margins.
• The sternum body typically presented with sharp cortical margins.
• Manubriosternal joints and xiphoid often displayed calcifications and indistinct margins, simulating lesions.

Conclusions:

• Normal sternum CT anatomy includes variants that can mimic pathology.
• Awareness of these variants, particularly in the manubrium and joints, is vital for accurate diagnosis.
• Proper gantry angulation can enhance visualization of sternum anatomy.