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Cell populations associated with gingival bleeding.

P G Cooper, J G Caton, A M Polson

    Journal of Periodontology
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Bleeding gums after probing indicate gingival inflammation. This study found that shallow pockets with bleeding are not dominated by plasma cells, challenging previous assumptions about periodontitis.

    Area of Science:

    • Periodontology
    • Oral Pathology
    • Immunohistochemistry

    Background:

    • Gingival bleeding after probing is a clinical sign of inflammation.
    • Historically, this bleeding in deep pockets was linked to plasma cell-rich infiltrates, suggesting active periodontitis.
    • The cellular composition of inflammation in shallow, bleeding gingival pockets was previously uncharacterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the cellular composition of gingival connective tissue in shallow pockets exhibiting bleeding upon probing.
    • To investigate whether plasma cells dominate the inflammatory infiltrate in these specific gingival lesions.

    Main Methods:

    • Biopsies of mid-facial gingiva from 30 teeth in 26 patients were analyzed.
    • Gingival tissue was assessed for visual inflammation, pocket depth, and bleeding after standardized probing (25g force).

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  • Histological sections were analyzed using morphometric point counting to determine cell populations and volume densities.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinically inflamed gingiva showed a significantly higher percentage of lymphocyte/macrophage/monocyte cells.
    • Fibroblast/endothelial cell percentages were significantly lower in inflamed gingival tissue.
    • Plasma cells constituted only a small fraction of the total inflammatory cell infiltrate.

    Conclusions:

    • Gingival lesions associated with bleeding after probing in shallow pockets are not characterized by a plasma cell-dominated infiltrate.
    • The inflammatory infiltrate in these lesions is primarily composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, and monocytes.
    • This finding challenges the direct association of bleeding on probing with plasma cell-rich infiltrates in all cases of gingival inflammation.