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Related Experiment Videos

Validation of the Holmes - Wright lanterns for testing colour vision.

A J Vingrys, B L Cole

    Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Holmes-Wright Type B lantern identified more normal color vision individuals as impaired than the Type A or Farnsworth lantern. This suggests the Type B lantern may be too sensitive for general color vision screening.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Optometry
    • Color Vision Science

    Background:

    • Color vision testing is crucial for diagnosing and managing visual impairments.
    • Standardized lantern tests are widely used for assessing color perception.
    • Evaluating the efficacy of different color vision tests is essential for accurate diagnosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the performance of the Holmes-Wright Type A, Holmes-Wright Type B, and Farnsworth lanterns.
    • To assess the diagnostic capabilities of these lanterns for both normal and defective color vision.
    • To identify potential limitations and strengths of each lantern test.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered Holmes-Wright Type A, Holmes-Wright Type B, and Farnsworth lanterns to 100 normal and 100 color vision defective observers.

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  • Analyzed pass/fail rates for each lantern across both observer groups.
  • Investigated reasons for failure among normal color vision observers on the Holmes-Wright Type B lantern.

    • Main Results:

    • All normal observers passed the Holmes-Wright Type A and Farnsworth lanterns (with one exception).
    • 8% of normal observers failed the Holmes-Wright Type B lantern due to stimulus brilliance near the chromatic threshold.
    • One-third of color vision defective observers passed the Farnsworth, while 14-17% passed the Holmes-Wright Type A; only two mild deuteranomals passed the Holmes-Wright Type B.

    Conclusions:

    • The Holmes-Wright Type B lantern may be overly stringent, potentially misclassifying individuals with normal color vision.
    • The Farnsworth and Holmes-Wright Type A lanterns appear more suitable for screening, with variations in performance for different types of color vision defects.
    • Mild anomalous trichromats, particularly protanomals, can pass certain lantern tests despite specific color vision deficiencies.