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Etiological factors in space motion sickness.

J R Lackner, A Graybiel

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Motion sickness susceptibility significantly increases in zero-g and 2-g environments compared to 1-g. This heightened sensitivity is linked to changes in vestibular function and sensory integration, impacting space travel adaptation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Space Medicine
    • Vestibular Science
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Motion sickness is a common challenge during spaceflight.
    • Understanding the effects of altered gravity on vestibular function is crucial for astronaut health.
    • Previous research suggests a link between gravitoinertial force and motion sickness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how different gravitoinertial force levels affect susceptibility to motion sickness.
    • To explore the underlying physiological mechanisms contributing to altered motion sickness sensitivity in varying gravity.
    • To provide insights into space motion sickness and astronaut adaptation.

    Main Methods:

    • Subjects were exposed to sudden-stop stimulation during parabolic flight.
    • Motion sickness susceptibility was measured under different gravitoinertial force conditions (0-g, 1-g, and 2-g).
    • Both eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions were assessed.

    Main Results:

    • Susceptibility to motion sickness was significantly enhanced at zero-g and 2-g compared to 1-g.
    • This effect was observed irrespective of whether subjects' eyes were open or closed.
    • Altered vestibulo-ocular function, otolithic activity, and canal-otolith synergies were identified as contributing factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Gravitoinertial force level is a critical determinant of motion sickness susceptibility.
    • The findings explain aspects of space motion sickness and astronaut adaptation during spaceflight and reentry.
    • Proposed mechanisms may also explain reduced motion sickness in specific astronaut populations.

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