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Related Experiment Videos

Facial pattern differences in long-faced children and adults.

H W Fields, W R Proffit, W L Nixon

    American Journal of Orthodontics
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study describes vertical facial morphology in children and adults, finding that long faces correlate with increased anterior face height and specific angular measurements. These findings aid in identifying vertical growth patterns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
    • Craniofacial Morphology
    • Pediatric and Adult Growth Studies

    Background:

    • Traditional studies on vertical facial morphology often focus on extreme cases like open bite or overbite.
    • Limited documentation exists on the skeletal and dental characteristics associated with typical and vertically dysplastic facial appearances in children and adults.
    • Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the vertical facial morphology across different age groups (children and adults) and facial types (long, normal, short).
    • To identify specific morphologic factors linked to the clinical assessment of long-faced and normal-faced individuals.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical examination and lateral cephalometric radiography in natural head position were performed on 42 children (6-12 years) and 42 young adults.

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  • Subjects were classified into long, normal, or short vertical facial types.
  • Seven angular, 18 linear, and 6 ratio measurements were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and t-tests. Principal component analysis was used to identify key morphologic factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Long-faced children and adults exhibited significantly greater anterior total face height, mandibular plane angle, gonial angle, and mandibulopalatal plane angle compared to normal subjects.
    • While ramus height was not significantly different in long-faced children, adults showed a tendency towards shorter rami.
    • Excessive dentoalveolar development was observed in long-faced children but not in adults.

    Conclusions:

    • Vertical facial morphology in long-faced individuals is characterized by increased anterior facial height and specific angular measurements, differentiating them from normal facial types.
    • The study identified key skeletal and dental factors associated with clinical classifications of vertical facial types.
    • These findings contribute to a better understanding of craniofacial development and provide objective data for diagnosing and managing vertical dentofacial discrepancies.