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The management of snake bite.

H A Reid, R D Theakston

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Snake bite treatment requires more epidemiological data, especially in developing nations. Early antivenom administration is not always best; wait for systemic poisoning signs to improve snake bite management globally.

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    Area of Science:

    • Tropical Medicine and Public Health
    • Toxicology and Pharmacology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Snake bite is a significant neglected tropical disease, particularly in developing countries.
    • Current epidemiological data on snake bite incidence and outcomes are often unreliable.
    • Understanding the pathophysiology of envenoming is crucial for effective treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on snake bite epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
    • To highlight the need for improved epidemiological studies and diagnostic tools.
    • To provide guidance on optimal antivenom administration strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on snake bite.
    • Discussion of pathophysiology and clinical features of medically important snake envenomings.

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  • Emphasis on the utility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for epidemiological studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Limited reliable epidemiological data exists for snake bite globally.
    • Antivenom is effective in reversing systemic poisoning, even when administered days after the bite.
    • Routine, early antivenom use may not be optimal; waiting for systemic signs is recommended.

    Conclusions:

    • Improved epidemiological studies using methods like ELISA are urgently needed.
    • Strategic administration of antivenom, based on clinical signs, can optimize treatment outcomes.
    • Standardization of reference venoms and antivenoms is essential for global snake bite management.