Coronary artery bypass grafting for unstable angina. Risk factors of operative mortality

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Surgery
• Cardiac Surgery Outcomes
• Thoracic Surgery

Background:

• Unstable angina poses significant risks for patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
• Identifying preoperative risk factors for early mortality is crucial for optimizing patient management and surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify key factors associated with early mortality in patients undergoing CABG for unstable angina.
• To analyze the impact of various clinical parameters on postoperative survival rates.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective analysis of 120 patients who underwent CABG for unstable angina.
• Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of risk factors such as systemic hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP).

Main Results:

• Systemic hypertension (P < 0.01) and impaired left ventricular function (LVEF ≤ 0.35, P < 0.01; LVEDP ≥ 20 mmHg, P < 0.025) were identified as significant risk factors for early mortality.
• The overall mortality rate in the study group was 5% (6 out of 120 patients).
• Age, sex, previous myocardial infarction, emergency surgery, extent of coronary disease, completeness of revascularization, and symptom onset were not found to be significant predictors of early mortality.

Conclusions:

• Systemic hypertension and left ventricular dysfunction are critical determinants of early mortality following CABG in unstable angina patients.
• These findings highlight the importance of managing hypertension and assessing ventricular function preoperatively to improve surgical outcomes.