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Lymphocyte transfusions prevent diabetes in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat.

A A Rossini, D Faustman, B A Woda

The Journal of Clinical Investigation

|July 1, 1984

Summary

Transfusions of T lymphocytes from healthy W-line rats prevent autoimmune diabetes in diabetes-prone BB/W rats. This finding identifies T lymphocytes as the key protective blood component for preventing diabetes development.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Animal Models

Background:

The Bio-Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rat spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes, mirroring human type 1 diabetes.
Whole blood transfusions from non-diabetic W-line rats can prevent diabetes in susceptible BB/W rats.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the specific blood component responsible for preventing autoimmune diabetes in BB/W rats.
To investigate the role of T lymphocytes in this protective effect.

Main Methods:

Three experiments involving intravenous injections of different blood components (erythrocytes, white blood cells, plasma, spleen cells) or treated blood into diabetes-prone BB/W rats.
Monitoring diabetes incidence and performing fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis to quantify T lymphocyte populations.
Assessing immune cell responsiveness and the presence of insulitis and thyroiditis.

Main Results:

White blood cell transfusions significantly reduced diabetes incidence (7% vs. 56% in saline controls).
T lymphocytes were identified as the protective component, with transfusions of W-line T lymphocytes preventing diabetes (5% incidence).
Treatment of blood with anti-T lymphocyte antibodies abrogated the protective effect.

Conclusions:

Transfusions of T lymphocytes from W-line rats are sufficient to prevent the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/W rats.
T lymphocytes are the critical blood component mediating protection against diabetes in this model.
This research highlights the potential of T lymphocyte-based therapies for autoimmune diabetes.