Effects of deinstitutionalization on adaptive behavior of mentally retarded adults

Twenty mentally retarded clients were moved from a large developmental center to three small community residences. Their functional abilities were measured at 0, 4, 8, and 12 months. Consistent improvement was found for language development, domestic activity, responsibility, and social interaction. Findings from this and other "deinstitutionalization" studies were synthesized. Results suggested that the improvement in functioning represents a manifestation of behavior already in the clients' repertoire rather than new learning. The need for systematic programming to promote learning, both in the community and institution, was emphasized.